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The Meghillàt Ester - Every action has its consequences

The

Ramchal (Rabbi Mosheh Chajim ז"ל Luzzatto, great wise sage ~ and Mequbbal Padua than two centuries ago) introduces his work מסילת ישרים "Messilat Yesharim" saying he wanted to address primarily issues that are very "popular" the eyes of men, because for this reason are often poorly investigated, because they are considered obvious.

On this track Rabbi Eliahu Dessler ז"ל (Mikhtav MeEliahu 1, 76) illustrates several examples of this concept through the meghillàt Esther.

Consider one of these, a detail that often escapes the simple reading, the period covered by the Megillah: 9 years.

Who would think that something made 9 years before having consequences today?

Who would think that if you go to 'udah King Achashverosh, disobeying the order of ~ wise sages חכמים generation, could have the potential for complete destruction of an entire people in one day?

This is not the only one that after some time leads to apparently abnormal consequences: all the facts and characters in the Megillah more distant roots.

For example (in brief):

• Hamman הרשע Harash'à ~ descended from the evil 'Harash'à Amalek, which was to be extirpated centuries ago by Shaul HaMelekh ע "ה, the latter more than you have been waiting for a night before Aggag kills the king, the last descendant of 'Amalek. Aggag During this night the king has had time to conceive a child to be a slave, which descend from conception Hamman Harash'à. So if it had not been waiting for this night too, there would be centuries later Hamman Harash'à. [Shemuel A, ch 15]
• [based on Megillah 13b] "It was well known before to HQB" H (IS "L) Hamman, the evil, would bring her to sheqalim (King Achashverosh bribe to let him finish in a definitive manner) the concerned with the people of Israel, because he anticipated their (the people) over its sheqalim (Hamman of the wicked). " We see here that sheqalim centuries before, the generation of the desert, make it possible to create a sort of "defense" spiritual what happened at the time of Harash'à Hamman.
• HaMelekh ע"ה David, has just been dethroned by his son Avshalom with a clever coup. As if that were not enough, now David haMelekh ע"ה is pursued because the son wants to finish the job by killing him. In this context, David haMelekh ע"ה is cursed "heavily" from a great sage of the generation Shim'ì Ben Gheràh, head of the Sanhedrin, the great scholar in the future is to teach his son Shelomo Hamelekh ע"ה. Despite the injury, despite the opportunity to respond (and to kill Shim'ì, since he had been disrespectful to the King), David prefers to leave הע"ה run, saying it HQB "H IS" The curse was to have said that, leaving Shim'ì Ben Gheràh alive for the whole generation. [Cf. Shemuel B ch. 15-16] From Shim'ì descend that Mordechai is Esther. If David HaMelekh ע"ה did not let it pass, would not be born, and who would come through the Gheullàh?

These are some examples related to the Megillah, where we can see clearly that our actions in good or 'better', may have consequences not only for a few hours, days or months but for years or even generations.

often thinking this will avoid many mistakes.

Knowing that evil deeds are always paid, if not now, later ... and conversely that the good ones always have positive results, which can be up to defend our descendants even after thousands of years.

This is one of the main issues highlighted by the Megillah.

do not have to explain that there are thousands of years of previous actions that lead to Purim, and the people alone that includes all actions have consequences, often long term, and the crowd is not always possible to understand what the causes that led to certain consequences (the people not going to thought that it would cause se'udàh chillul HaShem veshalom chas).

What is clear is that to avoid such undesirable potential consequences must behave according to the Halakhah, or better yet, לפנים משורת הדין lifnim mishurat haddin, that is being careful to do even more than had, as did David not killing HaMelekh ע"ה Shim'i Ben Gheràh.

Every action has consequences ...

... so we start doing the good name mizwot on Purim as it should, for this we need to know aspects of halakha, much more than the "Midrash."

There are four main mizwot: (1) Miqrà Megillah, (2) Mattanot Laevionim , (3) Mishloach Manot and (4) of Se'udàh Purim . Linked to these there are other mizwot, some of which we will בס"ד along the way ... (It 's just click on the Miẓwah to find details of their halakhot; for notes tefillah - click here and other מנהגים minhaghim ~ uses )

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Purim: מנהגים Minhaghim - various uses

- It 'good to eat seeds to remember what is eaten by Daniel [Daniel 1-2] that Ester [Megillah 16b] during the period in which they were subjected to their king and they would not eat non-kosher, and therefore HQB "H IS" L him wrought miracles [Rama OC 695:2, 19 and BIC HO, TH4 11:8] Daniel also appears in the Megillah as the התך Hattakh [CHS: 25, see also tractate Megillah]

- E ' better not to work for nothing mizwot of Purim in order to look on the same day. In a place where it is common not to work is forbidden. In a place where there is no use is known, however, that the work of that day does not lead berakhàh (OC 696:1). In any case it is mandatory to avoid at least temporarily to work to hear the Megillah and make other mizwot.

- It 's a bell'uso write "' Amalek 'עמלק and" Hamman " המן Hareshàim on a sheet and then crushed them, delete the message by immersing the sheet in dirty water or beer. [20 BIC see ibid]

- It 'good to wear clothes of Purim Shabbat Kodesh or other fine clothes, not clothes "daily." "This is the day that Hashem has made, rejoice and are happy." [BIC 22, Rama 695:2]

- ; Also on the 15th of Adar (Purim Shushan ) does not recite the tachanun in teffillàh . In the walled cities at the time of Yehoshu'a Purim is celebrated on this day only, and not 14 as in the rest the world. [OC 698:1]

- OC 429:1 "You start to ask ( and study) of the Passover halakhot 30 days before Passover. "This day is Purim. Usually they say this in Halakhah Se'udàh itself! (Acharonim on the OC, MB: 2).

פורים שמח Purim SAMEAC

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Purim: סעודת פורים Se'udàh ~ "banquet" of Purim Purim

- When : It is not out of obligation eating in the evening (or earlier or later). [OC 695:1] At least most of se'udàh be eaten during the day and during the meal is necessary to Devar Torah. Before se'udàh, לכתילה lechatechillàh ~ a priori, it would be good to pray for the teffillàh Minchàh, possibly as soon as possible [1] . [Rama 695:2]

- Who? Like all of Purim mizwot both men and women are required to perform them. It 'good to educate the kids to this Miẓwah [TH4 11:7, 695:4 Rama]

- would be good to study both before and during the se'udàh . [Rama: 2] In one of these occasions it is good to start studying the halakhot of Passover, to carry out the study "30 days before Passover, the Passover of halakhot" [OC 429:1; Pessachim 6]

- Although not strictly required to make the se'udàh of bread, it's definitely better to be strict [TH4 11:2] in order to get out from under all the views.

- Please remember to act like we owe the birkat hamazon which is a Miẓwah דאורייתא Deora ~ (explicit in the) Torah haqqedoshàh. This is necessary add על הנסים 'to hanissim even if he finished se'udàh overnight, as it follows the beginning of se'udàh . [OC 695:3]. The Torat HaMo'adim (4 11.5) shows that what is provided has not yet played the teffillàh of 'arvit otherwise not remember.

Notes Miẓwah drinking wine

- The Miẓwah is to drink wine during se'udàh and other spirits [2] .

- The drink is known that one must get there "until they distinguish the 'ארור Arure ~ Hamman from the accursed ברוך Baruch ~ blessed Mordechai "[OC 695:2], there are various opinions on which is the limit. According to almost all opinions but you should not get to drink as much as you do not behave according to the Halakhah. You also need to be lucid during teffillàh 'Arvit (more shacharit the next day) because it comes before HQB "H IS" L . Therefore, the review is probably the best course of Rama, who is to drink more than we used to, and go to sleep soon after.

Every so often there is confusion on one point - not There is no permission to do 'averot in a drunken state, including that of doing damage to private property of others. But there is an exemption (in some cases) to compensate them according to some poseqim. But we must be careful - now what causes Chillul HaShem - and this did not exempt even the day of Purim!

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[1] minjianim of minchàh There are also around at 13.00. Ask your bet hakenesset trust.

[2] I have heard a lecture by Rabbi Ben Tzion Halakhah Mutzaffi Shale.

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: משלח מנות Mishloach Manot ~ sending portions (of food)

- When : necessarily daily, preferably after reading the Megillah. If done at night was not released from the obligation. [Rama 695:4]

- Quantity: E 'must be sent at least two types of food ready to eat at least one person. And 'well, if possible, make at least one of these special containers for putting two different types of food, even to exit from the second one who thinks that it is always necessary. [BIC 16 and HO]

- Who? E 'should be sent to adult (13 "men" and 12 "women"). He is also careful to give mishloach Manot only to persons of the same sex, to avoid problems due to possible "chashash qiddushin" ~ doubts engagement. [Rama 695:4, BIC 17]

or A אבל Avel ~ nl in mourning if in mourning for their parents within 12 months, for other close relatives within 30 days, must send only 1 mishloach Manot and a priori does not receive (because the Miẓwah consists in giving, not receiving) [BIC 18]

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Purim: מתנות לאביונים Mattanot Laevionim ~ gifts to the poor

- consists of: give money or food to at least two poor Jews . [OC 694:1]

- When: necessarily day. If done at night was not released from the obligation. E 'need the money arrives the same day.

- Quantity: there is a debate among some פוסקים poseqim ~ makers of Halakhah on what should be given. According to Ritbà is sufficient Peruta (corresponding to about 2 cents of euro) and so many poseqim report of recent generations (Rav 'Ovadiah Yossef Shalita in Halikhot' Olam Beruràh 694:2 and Mishnah). According to the Maharshi and should give the value of a meal, honorable, and from this the Ben Ish Chai [15] argues that the value is the equivalent of 3 בצים betzim [1] , corresponding to about 172 - 180 grams , of bread. There are those who instead argues that it is equivalent to a meal of a sandwich with bread.

According to the Kabbalah 287 would be good to give perutot (then about how the value of the word אור or ~ light. ['Atteret Tiferet] According

all those who abounds תבא עליו ברכה tavo '~ l. alava berakhàh come upon him blessings. Because figures are still low enough it would be good to get out of requirement by applying (at least for two poor) opinion narrower, thus exiting from the second all the opinions. [CHS ~ 694:7]

- Who? (Cases) Even the poor are forced to this precept, and may eventually exit from giving themselves to each other the same amount. You get out of this obligation Miẓwah also provide money to a poor child [BIC 15].

- A Purim you are not careful who you give the tzedaqàh , but anyone opens his hand it presents - but there should be emphasized that according to some poseqim this requirement is related only to the two poor whose obliged to give in the case of non-Jews depends on the local level. In fact according to all the reviews are not out of obligation Miẓwah giving money to the poor non-Jews, because this Miẓwah is specific only for the Jews, who were in the miracle of Purim! (The speech for the Tzedaqàh generally be held elsewhere) [ cf. OC 694:3 and MB therein]

- In a place where there are no poor people (Jews): you can put aside this money to when you find them. [OC 694:4]. [4]

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[1] Bet zim, plur. Bet of Zah, which literally means egg, used as a measure of volume. The equivalent in grams is dependent on several discussions, the opinion of many people to do work around about 60 grams (54 in the opinion of Rav 'Ovadiah Yossef Shalita fixing the kezait to 27 grams )

[4] To overcome this problem in many beat kenesset devise a system to send the same day in Eretz Israel money to poor Jews. Ask your bet hakenesset trusted

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Purim - Purim

• 'Arvit : because it's Shabbat Kodesh motzaè you follow that order - after the' Amidah, the Kaddish recitation hazzan and read the Megillah. There are many uses start reading about the "Shuvàh" and "Yoshev Beseter" before reading and relating to the act or not to berakhàh "Bore Meor Haesh" before reading. Each of these minhaghim rely on what has, and everyone follows his own. According to all opinions after the Megillah should be read Veattà Qadosh, and follow it by the end of 'Arvit. Do not you miss "Shuvàh" and "Yoshev Beseter" according to all opinions, as Purim is not considered the equal of Yom Tov (which are missed by some poseqim).
• 'Al Hanissim : You must add "' hanissim to either the birkat hamazon that in berakhàh of LWULT in the 'amid'à. In case you have not acted and will be completed on berachàh no going back.
• Tachanun : both the 14 that 15 states do not tachanun (Halakhah that only applies in all Adar!).
• Shacharit: After the Kaddish all'amidàh following is extracted and read the sefer "Vayavò Amalek" ashrè and followed by the first part of Uva Letzion [up to Veattà Qadosh] by reading the Megillah. Some people use both tracks after read the Megillah. C 'are those who use add Mizmor ~ Psalm 22 למנצח על אילת השחר "Lamatzeach' to Ayelet hashachar" (found here transliterated in Italian) after Mizmor of the day, just before the Sefarad Hoshi'enu. At its end is continued as teffillàh usual. [OC 693:1-4 and TH4 7:9-11].
• Also remember that you put teffillin as usual (and you must touch then during the reading of the Megillah the word ויקר Viqqar!).

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Based mostly on Kaf HaChajim Sofer Orach Chajim 693.

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tefillah Notes: מקרא מגילה Miqrà Megillah Megillah Reading ~

• What is : You must read the Megillah at two in the evening and day.
• Who? All are obliged to hear the reading of the Megillah: Men & Women. These come out of obligation only hearing the reading by a man. In addition, there is no escape from the obligation of reading a fool or a child (under 13 years). (BIC 1-2)
• Children: Teaching children would be good to hear the reading of the Megillah [OC 689:1], provided that they are already there at the age of חנוך chinnukh education ~ ( from about 5-7 years depending on the ability to understand the child) [CHS 689:6, MB: 3] and that children do not disturb others [CHS: 27, Maghen Abraham: 11, MB: 17] in particular if their sole purpose is to roar every time you hear the name "Hamman" causing the divert attention from others. [MB: 18], but the aim must be to get used to accomplish Miẓwah of פרסומי ניסא pirsumè nissi ~ spread the miracle [MB: 6, CHS, 27]
• When : The reading of the Megillah should take place in two stages, the night and day. In both periods it is best to read it as soon as possible.
• Night : לכתחילה lekhatechillàh ~ a priori from the stars until dawn. [CHS 687:4; 7]
• day : lekhatechillàh after sunrise until sunset, בדיעבד bedi'avad ~ a rear if you read it out before dawn in order. [OC 687:1]
• If you have not read before sunset, read without reciting the blessings ברכות Berakhot ~ on, but if it starts to read it before sunset can recite. [TH4 5.2]

Miẓwah Details of the Megillah Miqrà

• E 'need to hear the entire Megillah entirety, word for word [BIC 6]. For this reason many poseqim [MB 689:19, CHS: 27] report that would be good if everyone owned a Megillah כשרה kesheràh own; also why it is absolutely forbidden to speak during the reading [OC 692:2]
• the Megillah lekhatechillàh must be read completely by a Megillah kesheràh, word for word from the text. [OC 690:3] In particular, we're careful reading of the 10 children of Hamman, often in the rush to read in one breath you could read the words by heart ואת "Veet", causing it go out of obligation bedi'avad considered as read only because from memory. Indeed bedi'avad can be read up to half Megillah by heart [see OC 690:3 therein for details].
• who does not possess a Megillah kesheràh need to be in silence, only to hear, then do not give "aid" to the Chazan during the reading, not to lose a piece. [OC 690:4] The Rama adds that for this reason hazzan reread the verses are read aloud by the public, so that all lekhatechillàh leave from his reading.
• If we have missed a few words you can retrieve it immediately reaching hazzan reading the words missed, even by a חומש Chumash. (BIC and see 6 MB 690 of OC: 3)
• E 'requires that the Chazan is going to pull out from the crowd and the public to think out of obligation. [OC 690:14] For each berakhàh / Miẓwah in which the principle applies to other out of obligation, that he who does the prelude berakhàh / Miẓwah intends to bring them out of obligation, and that their intention to get out, making sure in particular the implementation of berakhàh and which does not speak or make other interruptions until the end of Berakhot the end of the Megillah.
• The items have to be always read in order. [OC 690:6]
• One who "slumbers" : if player is a must bedi'avad out, but if the listener simply has to suffer (without bless). E 'must be careful to be wide awake while reading. [OC 690:12; BIC 3]
• We recite three blessings: על מקרא מגילה "'Al Miqrà Megillah" שעשה נסים "She'asàh Nissim and שהחיינו" Sheechejianu "[OC 692:1]. The Chazan חזן ~ officiating, certainly in the states walk away. Having to stand up to the public is determined by the use local (BIC 4 and HO ibid.). In any case, only the Chazan lekhatechillàh must stand during the reading making sure that the Megillah, is already open, do not grovel (BIC 4). Who wants to get out from reading the following that does not meet hazzan lechatechillàh "baruch hu uvaruch shem", but simply say "Amen" at the end of each berakhàh.
• E 'known use of stomping (only those) who is remembered every time the name of the evil ~ Hamman Harash'à . E 'duty to limit this "activity" at a minimum, so as not to lose, for themselves and for others, the opportunity to hear the Megillah as they should. Therefore suggests a change in use according to what shows the BIC (10), stamping their feet in the first and last time that name appears harash'à Hamman.
• It 'good that two people are close to Chazan, respectively on his right and left (BIC 12).
• ויקר When you read the word "Vyqar" (Esther 9:16) touching the teffillin (day).
• You can not recite the Berakhot (either initial or final) when we deal with others, especially the "re - roll up" the Megillah, but before you rewind time and then bless
• And 'Do not eat before reading, from half an hour ahead of time where you can read the Megillah, the morning and evening. The ban also applies to women. In particular, the Torat HaMo'adim (vol 4) argues that the prohibition of eating is just eating more than a betzàh (about 54 g - cf. Next note on the measurement of betzàh) of bread or pat פת הבא בכיסנין habàh bekisanin. Fewer, or other foods and beverages are allowed in his opinion. In any case, you should be rigorous and not eating anything. [TH4 5:22] BUT you are 'CAREFUL NOT TO SPEND THE DAY IN THE FAST - something forbidden.
• E 'may not go to sleep before reading, just as it is forbidden to eat. [TH4 5:22]

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Adar Bet 5771

The month of Adar Bet includes several events:

1. Rosh Chodesh - lasts two days: on 30 Adar Alef and the first of Adar Bet

in 5771 ('11) falls on Feb. 6 to 7

E 'must give before Purim Zekher laMachatzit HaSheqel.

2. On the day of birth and death of Mosheh Rabbenu ע"ה - 7 Adar Bet

in 5771 ('11) falls on March 13

There are communities that use fast on this day for his scomparas, and there are those who, for this reason, use only half of the fasting hours of light (chatzot Hayom) and go for a meal to remember the day of birth (and so is the use Tripoli - quoted in "Luv minhag").

Some people also used to study the night of his disappearance. In a year Me'ubbar some say that is to be done in both Adar.

3. The Ta'anit Ester - usually the 13th of Adar, early this year on 11 Adar Bet, as it would be Shabbat.

in 5771 ('11) Falls on Thurs March 17

The fast of Esther, which lasts from the moment you go to sleep until the exit of the stars of the next day. In case explicit

the night before you have that intention, if you awake before dawn you can eat until dawn.

The fast ends at the exit of the stars, but we should not eat until you hear the reading of the Megillah.

4. of Parashat Zakhor - Shabbat preceding Purim

in 5771 ('11) falls on the 13th Adar Bet - March 19

part of 4 parashiot details. E 'according to all opinions a mitzvah of the Torah. This includes the obligation to hear both men and women.

5. Purim - 14 Adar Bet

in 5771 ('11) falls on March 20

The Purim consists of 4 plus 2 mizwot:

1. Reading Megillah of Esther : twice, both at night than during the day. It 'best to anticipate as much as possible to read during the day, it is a Miẓwah which they are obliged both men and women. For halakhot in more detail.
2. Mishloach Manot : You must send at least two types of food ready to eat at least one person. This includes the obligation both men and women, each must give mishloach Manot jew to another of the same sex. It comes from the Miẓwah only task during the day. For halakhot detail in May.
3. Mattanot Laevionim : You must give some money to at least two poor Jews, who should get them during the day of Purim, when there are poor, you can withhold money from you until this occasion. This includes the obligation for both men and women. It comes from the only Miẓwah accomplished during the day. On this day also should be given to each person who looks a bit 'of tzedaqàh. For halakhot in more detail.
4. Seudàt Purim : you must attend a feast on Purim, this must be greater than the amount of food daily, should also eat bread (with relevant birkat hamazon final), meat and drink wine. This includes the obligation for both men and women. It comes from the Miẓwah only task during the day. There is no Miẓwah to have a party night, but there is a Miẓwah to be awake in time for Teffillàh and during the reading of Megillah. For halakhot detail in May.
5. Al Ha-Nissim : in Teffillàh in berakhàh of LWULT and Birkat Hamazon in berakhàh Nodeh of Lech. Those who had forgotten and had recited the name of HQB "H at the end of blessing is not coming back [you should see for more details]
6. parashah Reading of 'Amalek : When teffillàh of Shacharit.

6. Shushan Purim - 15 Adar Bet
in 5771 ('11) to falls on March 21
in walled cities since Yehoshua Bin Nun of Purim is celebrated today, if in doubt you do the mizwot today, and in other cities do not read the tachanun.

7. Parashat Parah - Shabbat preceding Shabbat preceding Rosh Chodesh Nissan

in 5771 ('11) falls on 20 Adar - March 26 It is part of
4 parashiot details. E 'according to many reviews a mitzvah of the Torah. This includes the obligation for both men and women.

8. Parashat HaChodesh - Shabbat before Rosh Chodesh Nissan
in 5771 ('11) falls on 27 Adar - April 2

part of 4 parashiot details.