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Birkat HaLevanàh - Basic standards

publish below an article on Birkat HaLevanàh, based on a topic of Shi'ur Gaon HaRav Ben Tzion Mutzaffi שליט"א.

The Birkat HaLevanàh is a prayer that is recited for the renewal of the moon, once a month - once at the beginning of each Hebrew month.

Why should recite the Birkat HaLevanàh?

The moon was created with the sun at the same time in the beginning had the same size, but the Moon went before HaQadosh Barukh Hu and said, "Lord of the Universe, how can two kings, both I and the Sun, rule with the same crown? "that both be equal? - HaQadosh Barukh Hu replied - "You're right! You will be scaled down. " To compensate for the loss

the Lord gave her a huge array of "Soldiers", which make the greater size of the "realm" - the stars which you preside.

On the renewal of the Moon Berakhàh you do this in order to understand the magnitude of HQB "H through the laws of Nature, which he has set: every month in exactly the same amount of time the moon is renewed. And so we renew.

How?

Pray standing, and at certain points "jumping" by simply lifting your heels off the ground, as if we were to reach the moon itself. But why do these 3 hops? The three jumps are three levels of holiness (1) Holiness actions, (2) Holiness in the words and (3) Holiness in the thoughts of the three levels of soul (untranslatable in Italian as appropriate), from lowest to highest (1) נפש Nefesh, (2) רוח Ruach and (3) נשמה Neshama.

recite the Birkat HaLevanàh outdoors, since it is not considered "beautiful" to welcome the King of Heaven the window, which is why you quit, to give כבוד kavod ~ honor. Everyone knows that the event is considered as the Birkat HaLevanàh event that you receive the "King of Kings" and then HaQadosh Barukh Hu.

When you play?

According Ashkenazim do Molad after 3 days (ie from the moment they see the "rebirth" of the moon), while according to the Hasidim and Sefarad after 7 full days from Molad. To complete means to complete 24 hours for all 7 days of Molad, which can also be in the middle of the day or night.

According to the Halakhah can also bless Shabbat Kodesh, but usually avoids, for several reasons. If there is a chance to recite if not Shabbat or if otherwise you lose the mitzvah (because limited to to 15 days from Molad) in this case is used to recite on the Sabbath.

Some claim that it is better to recite Motzaè Shabbat Kodesh (the exit of Shabbat Kodesh) because on this occasion we are more "responsive" clothing that is in the atmosphere, to receive the King of Kings, then HQB " H.

Mequbbalim According to many it is better to recite the Birkat HaLevanàh time now rather than wait Motzaè Shabbat Kodesh.

According to all opinions (as shown in the Bet Yossef and additions of Rama) in the case Motzaè Shabbat is over 10 of the Hebrew month, should play the birkat HaLevanàh in time to avoid the risk that From then on, it is cloudy and you can not play the birkat HaLevanàh.

Cloudy?

To recite the Birkat HaLevanàh is necessary that the moon is visible to the naked eye (those with glasses can keep them - cf. Yechavèh Da'at on Birkat HaChamàh vol 4). If it is cloudy enough to cover the moon you can not play the berakhàh. According Sefarad (Kaf HaChajim Sofer in the name of Maran HaChidàh) use is that if it is minimally covered, so that you can see under the cloud does not play, but is delayed.

Months particular

We have two special occasions in which there is a change to the standards described above: the month of Menachem Av, and that of Tishri.

In the month of Menachem Av states not once, but expects the release of the ninth of Av (Tish'à Beav) as it is a mourning period and do not want to do that birkat HaLevanàh pleased as we need to avoid further joy.

In the month of Tishri, the month of Judgement 'asseret Yemè teshuvah we have two opinions: some say should be recited after Yom HaKippurim, so as to pass the time "difficult judgments" and recite it more quietly and some say it is better to increase our זכויות zekhuiot ~ merits at this time. It depends on usage. We report only that the review of

Rav Mutzaffi שליט"א and acting in their 'Assereto Yemè teshuvah and so is also the opinion of Shelah. The opinion of the Mishnah Beruràh seems more tension on the other side, and so is the use more common.

With Minjian?

There is no obligation to bless with minjian, if you have already arrived at the appropriate time, then you can bless just like the rainbow, lightning or thunder. In public, however there is a higher level, as it makes greater glory to the King with a wider public. In any case it is better to recite it at once that earn this higher level (as we learn from the end of massechet Rosh Hashanah - evidence that shows Maran HaChidàh).

avoid installing the Moon

There is a rule stated in poseqim: avoid installing the moon - why? Because he is ashamed of being small! Having been reduced as reported previously. Just as we do not fix a person who has a handicap, because you would be ashamed to do so. But you can check if it is covered by clouds before making the Birkat HaLevanàh, but do not fix it while you're doing.

Want a Good Month? Make Birkat HaLevanàh

Rav Mutzaffi שליט"א says who is good with the Birkat HaLevanàh Kavan entire month's gonna be all right

From Motz also Sephardic Shabbat have begun to do the Birkat HaLevanàh, having already been seven full days by Molad

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Flatliners

Five medical students try an experiment that would take them to figure out something for sure about life after death. Based on the stories of those who have experienced near death situations, are intended to undergo a similar experience at a time to artificially obtained to see what happens "after". The others must then revive the person undergoing the experiment. The risk of the operation is obvious, but the result is even more baffling and terrible because each is placed in contact with their fears and go free even if they do not return to the real world. Or the "monsters" of the past remain in the afterlife, but also return. The argument itself is always present, dealing with death and the possibility of an afterlife.

Flatliners inspired by the success of books by Raymond A. Moody Jr. on near death experiences and it dramatizes the concept centering on the psychosis of the students who are looking for answers to the eternal question of existence. Of course the answer is not there and the film does not even try, settling for a spectacle of the subject with good efficacy. Never too trivial and often disturbing, the film gives us some interesting insights into a dream beyond, a sort of psychedelic reworking of the guilt of the protagonists. Mélange of anxieties and fears buried, focuses on the effect of moral experience induced death, suggesting a little 'simplistically that will be a sort of initiation test to find peace of conscience. The fickle Schumacher is perhaps at his best here and takes advantage of a large and very good squad of players among which in effect Kiefer Sutherland and Kevin Bacon

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One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

from a novel (1962) by Ken Kesey: affected, transferred to a psychiatric hospital, prison, and exposes the repressive nature of the institution. The revolt is short, but leave some mark. Awarded with 5 Oscar (film, director, Nicholson and Fletcher, screenplay by Laurence Hauben and Bo Goldman) - that has not happened in It Happened One Night (1934) - is a controversial film astutely and effectively on the power that marginalizes the various racist and on the bottom of psychiatry. The substance of the dream of Kesey's novel, written in first person, is purified and transformed into a stage adaptation that turned it into an allegory Dale Wasserman and which forms the basis of the screenplay. (It was staged in 1963 by Kirk Douglas who pushed his son Michael to produce the film.) Excellent team of actors that includes the Indian W. Sampson.

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Shutter Island

In 1954, the two federal agents Teddy Daniels and Chuck Classrooms are sent by boat to Shutter Island, off the east coast, to investigate the sudden disappearance of a dangerous child-resident at the mental institution Ashecliffe, Rachel Solando.

The director of the institute, Dr Cawley, and the various nurses argue that the murderous mother has vanished from her room as without trace, but the agent Daniels seems to feed from the beginning of a strong suspicion on the way lead to the hospital by Dr. Cawley and his attending physician, Dr. Naehring. A hurricane forces the two agents to prolong their stay on the island, during which the investigations are continuing and details increasingly disturbing emerge, while Daniels continues to have visions that relate to his dead wife and his experiences in the war against the officers nazisti.Nell 'year of the celebrated restoration of The Red Shoes, two of the greatest filmmakers of the modern American, have paid personal tribute to the masterpiece by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger.

Francis Ford Coppola quotes copiously of the parties in Tetro, while Scorsese, as well as having personally taken care of in the restoration, its structure as Shutter Island that same endless spiral staircase that is covered by Vicky in the film. But if the reference point is the same, are completely opposite directions to guide their own operate. For Coppola, Red Shoes is a role model, an ideal Renaissance to contemporary cinema to propose now that the digital medium allows you to return to the kind of imaginative fantasy. On the contrary, that Scorsese is the endless spiral surrender of a type of cinema that is not reproducible in the era of simulation and repetition.

The spiral is thus the form he chooses to tell this gothic novel that builds up layer upon layer of suggestions, visions, memories, fears and paranoia, leading to a final solution that seeks to unravel the mystery and surprise the viewer with a twist is not too unpredictable. But manipulating the viewer has never been a favorite pastime of Scorsese, but rather the idea of \u200b\u200btelling the characters handled by the inability to accede to reality. With Shutter Island, the Italian-American director comes in a way to bring the final consecration of touch with reality and human folly as a unique form of survival. To emphasize the idea and resumed his character almost always transverse or oblique cuts, insisting on capture from the bottom upward to emphasize the distance. DiCaprio's character becomes just another man of violence of his filmography, the man who brutally fight to clear his memory and remain attached to their world.

But to eliminate the memories (Images, movies) inevitably means creating ghosts, manipulate a series of images foreknew of History (which is in the memories of concentration camps with the cart that follows almost choreographic execution of Nazi leaders at the camp Dachau) and, ultimately, to confess the impossibility of making peace with the truth. From this point of view, Shutter Island completes Scorsese seems to bring a speech that since his film has become broader, more academic: the inability to tell a world dominated not only violence, but also the concealment, to imagine something new when everything appears to be a repetition, a remake. At the bottom its spiral staircase made of mystery and suspense, Shutter Island seems to tell just that in the contemporary era, the sleep of reason does not generate more monsters, but ghosts, doubles, simulacra of something that has already been seen or experienced.

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Patch Adams

When you think the world there is nothing but cynicism and indifference here who feel the stories make it seem unlikely that a glimmer of hope. A story which is hard to believe, but that is true and fantastica.Liberamente tract dall'autobiografia Hunter Adams' Gesundheit: Good Health Is A Laughing Matter ", the film was a great success last season's films.

Hunter (Patch) Adams was interned in a psychiatric hospital as a result of a suicide attempt . Realizing that you have a predisposition for human contact, especially with his comrades in the hospital, he decided, once discharged, to take up medical studies. Despite being much larger than a normal college student, he attended the Virginia Medical University with honors, and falls in love with Carin (Monica Potter). The way they work their future medical colleagues, however, does not like; too much indifference, too much greed in treating their patients. But he loves to be in close contact with his patients and try to alleviate their suffering, it is his philosophy of life. To meet its principles, transgress the rules of the faculty, and begins to visit the terminally ill, their carers and they are having fun with his unpredictable and hilarious. It will then be open and will be threatened with expulsion.

A touching film, which is fun. A touching comedy that gives the opportunity to reflect on human relationships and the limits of professionalism of the doctor. A movie where the good feelings are at the forefront and really like that much.

FilmUP.it

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Days of Rosh Chodesh days are special, with special rules.
Rosh Chodesh literally means "Head of the Month" that is, earlier this month.
Each month can have 1 or 2 days of Rosh Chodesh, in case it is the first 2 the 30th day of the preceding month and the second is the 1st of the month again.

Announcement of Rosh Chodesh

previous Shabbat, just before the Teffillàh of Mussafia promises to Bet HaKenesset that in the next week fall Rosh Chodesh, and this announcement is accompanied by תפילות ~ teffillot special prayers bodes well for the months to come.
Some communities also use the מולד Molad announce that literally means "Birth", which is the exact hour when the moon is beginning to see - ie the the time of his birth. The importance of this announcement is twofold: for one reason Qabbalistico, knowing that this time it is important to avoid contracting certain forms of impurity, and to know when you can play the ברכת הלבנה birkat HaLevanàh, that is the blessing which provides a monthly basis at a certain distance from the temporal molad on the renewal of the moon.

The Eve of Rosh Chodesh

the eve of Rosh Chodesh there are those who use fast (Mishnah Beruràh 417:4) because it is a day of atonement, as the day of Rosh Chodesh is a day of the same opinion over the past month. It is therefore appropriate to take this opportunity to do teshuvah throughout the previous month. Who wants to start fasting should say "Beli Neder," so that its acceptance is not considered of use as a promise that is required to maintain life.
Since the day of Rosh Chodesh is not recite the tachanunim תחנונים ie the parts of teffillàh in which they confess their sins, even on the eve Minchàh not act.

The Day of Rosh Chodesh - Teffillàh

the day of Rosh Chodesh tachanunim is used instead of reciting the Hallel is not complete. Depending on the uses recited above berakhàh or not. The most common use Sefarad is not to recite it, while the use Ashkenazi most common is to recite it. In any case, the question will vary from community to community. Who does not know its use is better, when in doubt, who recite the Hallel without berakhàh.
After Hallel we extract the Sefer Torah and 4 people "rises to Sefer. The עליה '~ Aliah risen more important is the fourth, the last day of Rosh Chodesh (so if there are 2 days on day 2). Clearly it is better not to have the 'Aliah rather than trigger a debate about who should get even the minimum for the fourth call, because for every discussion violates the prohibition of the Torah as a minimum of non-food discussions as did Korah.
After reading the Sefer Torah is returned to play by the end of Teffillàh Ashrè on, and then move on to recite Mussafia, then finished the Teffillàh.
Please note that both 'arvit, you must pray Shacharit and Minchàh Ya'alèh VeYavò in the' Amidah. If there if you have forgotten, to 'arvit no going back, but we Minchàh Shacharit and a distinction: It has ended the
berakhàh. that is not recited the name of HaShem - back to the point. He finished
Berakhàh, but has not yet begun to Berakhàh LWULT - provides Ya'alèh VeYavò place. (Orach Chajim Beruràh 422:5 422:1 and Mishnah). He started
LWULT, but has not yet completed the 'Amidah - and from there back to Retzèh below reads everything.
He finished the 'Amidah - should read the' Amidah beginning. It is considered the end of the "Amidah since beginning to take steps backward after berakhàh Sim Shalom.
Even if you pray alone can recite all: Shacharit, Hallel incomplete and Mussafia (while losing Kaddish, kedushah. Chazaràh and Barekhù), remembering to recite Ya'alèh VeYavò.

Day of Rosh Chodesh - Eating!

E 'also forbidden to fast on the day of Rosh Chodesh (Orach Chajim 418:1) and it would be good to do a more sumptuous meal in honor of Rosh Chodesh (Orach Chajim 419:1), and so you can also play Ya'alèh Veyavò birkat HaMazon (if the meal is based on bread or equivalent). In the case of Birkat HaMazon who forgets Ya'alèh VeYavò not coming back, unless it has not yet begun the fourth berakhàh HaTov VeHaMetiv call (ie the one after "Yerushalaym Bone"). In this case, say the words ברוך שנתן ראש חודש לעמו ישראל לזכרון Barukh Shenatan Rosh Chodesh Le'Ammò Israel. While Sefarad use without reciting the Lord's name as written by Maran in Shulchan 'Arukh (Orach Chajim 424:1) are among the Ashkenazim who adds the name of the Lord (ie Barukh Attah "HaShem" SheNatan etc) [Mishnah Beruràh 424:2].

Day of Rosh Chodesh - "holiday for women," and other uses

The use of Rosh Chodesh is that women do not carry melakhot such as sewing, wash cloths and the like. Cooking is clearly excluded from the ban. (Shulchan 'Aruch Orach Chajim 417:1) [The rest of the prohibitions melakhot, ie specific activity is not dependent on what is known as Shabbat melakhàh, but use common today with the washing machine there are differing opinions with regard to facilitating Rosh Chodesh]. [Beli וב"ש Neder, we hope to bring to light an article a bit 'more detail on the subject, the use is also Roman, as appears from Shibbolè HaLeqet (Siman 169).]
Some people also used not to cut the nails on Rosh Chodesh, following the use of the Zavaaàh Rabbenu HaChassid ז"ל Yehudah, a great French scholar of the age of Tossafot (about 800 years ago), but this depends on usage.