None of you, but specialists in the medical field, have never heard of OSAS, but all or most of you have been involved directly or indirectly with that phenomenon, too trivialized sometimes called snoring. Today, Russia is considered the "stage 0" of OSAS, a disorder characterized by obstructive apnea or hypopnea during sleep. Sleep is defined as a state of rest as opposed to waking. In reality, however, this definition is not completely true. As the vigil, in fact, sleep is an active physiological process involving the interaction of multiple components of the central nervous system and independent. During sleep, certain changes occur in the respiratory control and activity:
1. Cessation of stimulation associated with wakefulness;
2. Reduced muscle tone skeletal
3. Reduction of pharyngeal muscle tone;
4. Reduction of the adaptive response of ventilation to the load (eg obstructive airway
)
5. Modest variations of partial tension of arterial blood gas;
6. Increased upper airway resistance.
These important functional changes make sleep a physiological condition which is quite peculiar that may be more prone to pathological phenomena is characterized by high morbidity and mortality from. These include the OSAS, which stands for "Obstruction Sleep Apnea Syndrome, "which is manifested by the appearance of repeated upper airway obstructive events resulting in a partial or complete closure of the same. The apnea may be:
- obstructive
- central;
- hypopneas;
- progressive;
The reasons for the closure of the airway may be anatomical (conformations of the massive facial, also acquired as a result of injuries that have reduced air space back) or functional (eg . collapse during sleep of the dilator muscle of the pharynx). A person's level of symptoms intermittent sleep, sleepiness Day and memory deficits, may also refer to wake up with "air hunger" and being forced to stand, nocturia and polyuria. The most common symptom is still snoring.
The diagnosis is based on medical history, clinical and laboratory examinations including the most important is the polysomnography. But the complexity and cost of this survey are preferred, usually, cardiorespiratory monitoring. To complete a visit may be indicated ENT, cardiology and endocrinology. The therapy is not based on absolute criteria, but depends on the cause of the disorder. New studies are pursuing the role of OSAS in primary etiologic factor in hypertension idiopathic pulmonary, we will follow with interest the development of research.
