Many Internet users who visit your blog, seeing in the title of this article the acronym MAP (Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis), they will surely think about the importance of the discovery on a possible relationship between this bacterium and that, among diseases, is one of the incidents and that diabetes mellitus. According to the universally accepted theory as diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is the process that the body uses to derive energy from food and the substances it needs, characterized by increased blood concentration of a sugar , glucose. Simple sugars and complex ones (starches) in foods (eg bread, pasta, pastries, fruit, milk) are processed during digestion into glucose (a simple sugar) which is the main source of energy.
Glucose enters the blood and then passes into cells to provide energy or be further converted into other substances. In order for glucose to enter cells needs the presence of insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells, called beta cells, which are present in the pancreas. In people with diabetes, the pancreas produces insufficient insulin, or does not produce at all, or the cells do not respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas.
As a result, the concentration of glucose in the blood rises above normal levels and causes a wide range of damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.
Today's classification system identifies four types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1, Type 2, "other specific types" and gestational diabetes. Each of the types of diabetes mellitus identified extends across a clinical continuum of hyperglycemia and insulin requirements.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (formerly called type I, IDDM or juvenile diabetes) is characterized by destruction of beta cells caused by an autoimmune process, which usually leads to absolute lack of insulin. The onset is usually acute and is spread over a period of several days or weeks. Over 95 percent of people with type 1 diabetes develop the disease before 25 years of age.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly called type II, NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes) is characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and a defect in insulin secretion of beta-cells. This is the most common form of diabetes mellitus and is closely associated with a family history of diabetes, advanced age, obesity and lack of exercise.
Many epidemiological data indicate a relative increase in the incidence of diabetes type 1 (approximately doubling each generation, in some cases). For Western Europe is forecast to increase in cases of type 1 diabetes 18.3% from 1994 to 2000 and 36% from 1994 to 2010
The high incidence of this disease explains the ongoing research aimed at finding the probable root causes of process pathophysiology responsible for the disease. Among the recent studies that have most impressed with is the work of Italian scientists, researchers of the University of Sassari. Published on the monthly Focus, the study identifies
Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), a bacterium 'relative' Mycobacteria leprosy and tuberculosis, which already makes it the responsibility of cases of Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome The main cause of diabetes type 1.Secondo study Sassari, in 70% of cases of diabetes in the Sardinian and UK and 40% of those involve the Lombard Map. "It is emerging that - said Leonardo Sechi, professor of microbiology at the University of Sassari - depending on the genetic predisposition of patients, a person meeting the Map diabetes develops, another and yet another irritable bowel Crohn's disease. In diabetic patients in which there is the Map-makers are probably other intestinal pathogens.
This particular type of bacterium that lives inside the cells it infects and has a long incubation period, is transmitted to children with milk : in fact it can be found in milk powder for infants, in maternal milk (if mother is infected) and dairy products derived from infected animals, and is even able to withstand pasteurization. The research at the University of Sassari, giving the same origin as the Crohn's and diabetes, opens So the hope that to defeat diabetes an antibiotic may be sufficient. Worldwide, the incidence of diabetes increases by 3% a year. In Sardinia, the incidence is very high: about 40 cases per 100 000 children.
Sources: Focus, Reuters Health.
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